How to Use Prepositions With Nouns in English

Prison Term Policy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 783 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/25 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Topics: Prison Essay Did you like this example? Prison term Policy Recommendation Prison Term Policy Recommendation As a Criminologist Advisor to a member of State Legislature, I have been chosen to provide a prison term policy on armed robbery. Soon, the legislature will be voting on a bill that would double the maximum prison term for anyone who is convicted of armed robbery. Included is a recommendation on this policy and the reasons why the recommendations were chosen. Before I go in great details on the pros and con, I would like to define what the legal term for armed robbery is. Armed robbery is an aggravated form of robbery in which the defendant is armed with a dangerous weapon, though it is not necessary to prove that he used the weapon to effectuate the robbery. The legislature will be voting on the change in the prison term on armed robbery. There are cons and pros to this new policy. There are at least two cons if this bill is passed. First of all, if the prison term is doubled, it will cost a lot of tax mo ney. Second of all, according to statistic, people who commit crimes have one thing in common; they think they will not get caught committing crimes. Lastly, prisons are already overcrowded due to the number of inmates who have committed minor offenses, doubling the sentence will add to this problem. On the other hand, there are at least three pros if this bill is passed. First of all, if the rate of arm robbery is reducing, the citizen will feel more secure. Second of all, if this prison term is double, it will keep the ex-convicted from committing the same crime over and over again. Lastly, if we can reduce the rate of armed robbery, we can reduce the people financial and mental lost. I would like to go in more details on the pros and cons before I recommend an action. Firstly, if this bill is passed, it will create a financial crisis for the innocent citizens. Doubling the prison term means doubling the cost of maintaining the prison’s facility. Therefore, it is requ ired for the government to increase the percentage of tax that needed to be charge against working citizen. The extra money that needed to be spent on maintaining the prison’s facility could be use on increasing the economy or it could be spend on education purposes. Secondly, according to statistic, people who commit crimes have one thing in common; they think they will not get caught committing crimes. Therefore, it is useless to increase the prison term when it will no have effects on preventing citizens committing crimes. Lastly, people are sentence to serve minimum requirements for minor offenses, doubling the prison term on armed robbery will add to this problem. On the other side, there are pros to this change. First of all, if the rate of arm robbery is reducing, the citizen will feel more secure. When the citizens feel secure, they will trust in the law and its effectiveness. Once the people see the effectiveness of the new bill, they will less likely to plan a n armed robbery. Secondly, if this prison term is double, it will keep the ex-convicts from committing the same crime over and over again. Although we cannot prevent citizens from committing a planned armed robbery, but if this bill is passing, it will decrease the crime rate produced by ex-convicts who have committed armed robbery to come back and enact the same crime, which eventually will reduce the crime rate. Lastly, being able to reduce armed robbery will help victims from losing materialistic things and mental health. According to statistics from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), in the year of 2001 robbery accounted for 29. 4 percent of violent crimes in the United States, costing victims a total of $532 million. The average loss per victim during that year was $1258. Not only will the victim suffer financially, they will also suffer mentally (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2009). Because the lives and security for citizens are more important then the outcome o f tax increase, I would recommendation the legislatures to enforce the policy. The economy has a cycle. It has its ups and down and we know that financially we can afford to maintain or build new prison facilities. However, we cannot increase the security for our citizens if we cannot reduce the crime rate in the near future. Doubling the maximum prison term for anyone convicted of armed robbery will reduce the crime rate; therefore it will increase the safety for our citizens. I strongly advice you to vote for the change. Reference * No Authors. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved July 4, 2009, https://www. fbi. gov Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Prison Term Policy" essay for you Create order

Discrimination against people with HIV at work Free Essays

Monday morning was the best time of the week for mike for he loved going to work which could not be said for most of his colleagues. Mike had wanted to be a system analyst all his life and though he had been working at Mercury Star for four and a half years. He came into the office with the drive, sense of excitement, enthusiasm and expectation that an 8 year old boy had when his dad took him to get his first bicycle. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination against people with HIV at work or any similar topic only for you Order Now His daily routine involved; getting into the office at least thirty minutes early so as to have enough time to settle in, review the previous day’s work and establish what would be his workload for the day. The first thing he did was to sit and admire the two beautiful, polished glass trophies which sat on the table on the left side of the room next to the picture of his girlfriend. These trophies were the reward for his hard earned success as he had been the firm’s employee of the year for the last two consecutive years. It was unusual for a 28 year old to have achieved that kind of success in such a short time as mike had already been promoted to a managerial post. Mike was a respected man in his work place and his employees looked up to him and some even pegged him as they guy who will be a Chief Executive Officer by the time he was 35. though he downplayed this remarks he always felt that he had the potential and after wining his second employee of the year award that became his new ambition. Within just four years he had become the one of the best system analysts in the city. Mike had his whole future planned out, how he would propose to his long time girlfriend by the end of the year, he was in the middle of negotiating a mortgage with the local bank and he was paying the last installment on his BMW M9. He even drew up a plan in which he planned to work extra so that he would be able to go into retirement by the age of 40 and set up a system analysis consultancy firm within the city (Geoffrey 23). His position in the office came with a health insurance package which until this time Mike had never used it. But on this Monday morning Mike felt different he felt like he was coming up with flu so after he reported to work he took the day off to go and see his doctor which was unusual as Mike rarely got sick. The doctor at first was not able to tell what was wrong with him so he ran some tests. When Mike came to see the doctor late in the afternoon the news that doctor gave him made him feel like his life had just been pulled right from under his feet. The words â€Å"I’m sorry Mike but you are HIV positive† keep ringing in his head. Mike did not even hear what the doctor said for next few minutes as he tried to let the news sink in. The medical cover policy had a condition that when an employee visits the firm’s doctor, he had to furnish the management with a complete report of the doctor’s examination. Mike went back to work after three days and tried to act like nothing had happened. But however much he tried he could not shake off what the doctor had told him he couldn’t and on this particular day he got to work late which had never happened. A soon as got to the office he was informed that the boss wanted to see him. When he got into his office, the boss offered him a sit and for the next fifteen minutes he went on and on how Mike was an excellent employ but what happened after that Mike would never have contemplated. The boss told him that the board had discussed on the medical report and had come to the conclusion to let him go. It was at this point that he truly felt his world come crumble and all his dreams and ambitions came tumbling down. What and end to a brilliant young man’s career. How to cite Discrimination against people with HIV at work, Essays

Self-Worth Theory of Motivation free essay sample

Next is â€Å"at risk teens† and discovering they have coping skills that can help them jump forward or hold them back. Educators can help the teens first by building a trustworthy rapport with the student, assist in goal setting, helping them avoid procrastination, and help to visualize their future for their lifetime goals and achievements. In the work place it is implied that managers who communicate implementing the â€Å"Three Roles of Language in Motivation Theory† which are Perlocutionary, Locutionary and Illocutionary leads to a successfuly motivated team. Sullivan, 1998, p. 110) Implementing these communication methods are key to help an employee feel a sense of worth and team, that by building on three principals they can have a successful employee and by association a successful department. Keywords: Self-worth, motivation, at risk teens, elementary students, employees Self-Worth Theory: Motivation for a Lifetime Henry Ford once said â€Å"Whether you think that you can, or that you cant, you are usually right. †(Ford n. d. ) This quote really gets to the heart of the self-worth theory of motivation. It truly comes down to the individuals’ perception for the potential of success. Self-worth can affect an individual at any stage in life and can even go so much as varying from task to task. An individual can feel motivated and fulfilled one day and with a new task requested of them feel as though the task is either beneath them or make them feel imperfect for not being able to complete the task, or procrastinate long enough with the task to prove the time constraint was the issue and not the individuals lack of ability to complete it. Professor at UC Berkley and published author Martin Covington was one of the pioneers of the self-worth theory of achievement motivation. His findings derive from his paper written: Covington stated that the basic cognitive position and shares with it the view that achievement behavior can be most meaningfully conceptualized in terms of self perceptions of causality†¦ it also incorporates a motivational component, and for this reason it forms the basis for conceptual rapprochement between cognitive and learned-drive theories. Covington 1984) Society judges itself by one’s net worth, successes and accomplishments. The inability to succeed in society’s eyes is a perceived sense of failure. The self-worth theory concentrates on the ability to find successes, however when an individual cannot succeed it blames itself on the lack of ability. Performance is judged by the individual’s ability to succeed by society, performance is judged by the individual by lack of effort by the individual. However, whether it’s the feeling of accomplishment by the individual or the pat on the back by society, they both lead to self worth. In the paper â€Å"The Self-Worth Theory of Achievement Motivation: Findings and Implications† it quotes Teevan and Fischer’s unpublished paper from 1967 Covington states parents of success-oriented youngsters tend to reward performance that is praiseworthy yet ignore or at least remain neutral toward the performance that falls short of adult expectations. The opposite pattern appears characteristics of the parents of failure-avoiding children: punishing their children’s failures while being noncommittal in the event of success. Covington 1984) Covington then goes on to explain that if children feel that the end success rate is high, the child then feels the ability to even attempt things that might actually be above their ability levels. These individuals that are success minded will then attempt more things in the future that potentially have a higher likelihood of failure due to the higher rate of successes in the past. Potentially the past can either cloud or clear a path for success. Previous perceptions of success lead to potential for further success, whereas previous failure can lead to apathy and stagnant achievement. It seems that the basis for self-worth is started very early in a child’s development, not just at the primary level of education but with parental guidance and judgments, both positive and negative, from birth. Achievements and failures are then recorded for future reference. Do well, and get praise for those who will potentially grow up to be success-oriented adults. Do poorly, or just not as well as a parent had hoped and be degraded for failure. These children are then growing up as failure avoidance adults; doing the bare minimum just to avoid being perceived as failures. A way to describe these failure avoidance teens could be at risk teens. How do at risk teens find motivation in an educational setting? At risk teens are typically underachievers with low self esteem. In public school settings they can be seen as trouble makers both in and out of the classrooms. At best they can find themselves in an Alternative Education school setting, at worst; they find themselves as high school drop outs or young teens with a GED. At risk teens find motivations situational such as goal setting, self awareness and the relationship between student and instructor. The instructor student relationship is how the student perceives the teachers actual intentions. If the student believes the instructor cares about them as a person, the student is more motivated about class participation. (Wentzel 1997). When a student in elementary school is in a classroom setting all day with the same instructor it is easier for them to develop a trust, this is not as easy to develop in the higher grades of middle and high school as the instructors spend an hour or so with the student and there is far less time for the student to develop the trust with the instructor (Wentsel 1997). When a student is able to set goals it helps with performance and task motivation. With task motivation, it is to attain a skill set for the student. This can be attaining a mastery and improving knowledge or competence. When a student completes an assignment they see it as an end, the motivation to complete the work for the benefit of knowledge, and this only occurs when the student initiates it. Performance goals are when a student wants to prove superior skills. The combination of the two goals allows the student to advocate their own self regulated learning. Accordino, Accordino, Slaney 2000) Self awareness motivates students to engage in tasks as influenced by what the students wants to accomplish in life. The individual is motivated by their future self and they strive to do what needs to be accomplished to achieve the outcome they desire. (Leondari, Syngollitou, Kiosseeoglou). Self worth theory allows students to withhold effort in situations if they feel their self esteem wi ll have a negative impact. If an individual feels a threat to self esteem due to an ability or lack thereof, they will start to doubt their abilities overall nd withdraw all efforts to protect self esteem. If an at risk student has experienced failure in front of peers, it becomes a knee jerk reaction to put forth no effort to hide that they need assistance. Whereas a self-worth student will put forth effort with no hesitation and little regard for their self esteem as theirs’ is intact, as the student is able to protect themselves by shifting blame on the instructor when they do not do well. (Thompson, Davidson, Barbier). How does the work place affect self motivation? Manager communications can be crucial to an employee’s motivation. In an organization a manager acts as the communication hub to their employees. Their communication can act to reduce ambiguity in the workplace. The manager can help motivate by having some transparency in the workplace of what upper managers are deciding and this can help morale overall. The managers’ communications can help by increasing knowledge and abating uncertainty to their subordinates, they can reaffirm the job they are doing; and by giving that â€Å"attaboy† it can reassure the employees place in the company and give more self-worth to them, it can also be used to inform the employee, to help guide them in their work. Sullivan, 1988). These theories for managerial communications assume that the employee is uncertain about goals, or policies in the work place, and that the employee is willing to accept the manager’s constructive criticism. In the â€Å"Three Roles of Language in Motivation Theory† it is suggested that a manager can use different ways of communicating with his employees and in using all the three methods he outlines, Perlocutionary, Locutionary and Illocutionary the employee will have motivation. Perlocutionary acts to reduce worker’s uncertainty through the use of goals as the goals are being met, the employee feels motivated to meet higher and more difficult goals. Locutionary acts to facilitate meaning making through the uses of metaphors and informal speaking methods, the employee is given scripts or processes and are able to work in response to knowing the outcome of the script, as they use the processes and procedures more they feel motivated to tackle more difficult issues as they are assured of the outcome of a process. Illocutionary acts as way of connecting with employees on an emotional level, the workers develops self worth and trust towards the manager due to informal conversations with small talk, this helps to form a bond between employees and managers in a less formal setting and is a by-product of sitting in the vicinity of each other’s immediate surroundings. He further suggests that when all three communication methods are implemented, the employee will feel motivated and have a sense of accomplishment and self-worth (Sullivan, 1988). When the managers effectively utilize Sullivan’s methods, they found that the managers knew better what employees needed to know, importance of informal communicating and role play there, and the workers were people. Sullivan, 1988) Using just the three stages out of many in an individual’s life: elementary school, at risk teens in secondary education levels and individuals in the work place, it can be shown that self worth can change with the right mentoring, it can affect a person all their life, and it doesn’t need to always be negative self worth, sometimes it’s positive. In conclusion Abraham Lincoln said it best â€Å"Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other one thing. † (Lincoln, 1855)